The effects of flaxseed dietary supplement on lipid profile, bone mineral density, and symptoms in menopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, wheat germ placebo-controlled clinical trial
Dodin S, Lemay A, Jacques H, Legare F, Forest JC, Masse B ; Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Mar;90(3):1390-7

Flaxseed Dietary Supplement Versus Hormone Replacement Therapy in hypercholesterolemic Menopausal Women 
André Lemay, MD, PhD, Sylvie Dodin, MD, MSc, Nadine Kadri, MD, Hélène Jacques, PhD and Jean-Claude Forest, MD, PhD; Obstetrics & Gynecology 2002;100:495-504

Breast Health

The inhibitory effect of flaxseed on the growth and metastasisof estrogen receptor negative human breast cancer xenograftsis attributed to both its lignan and oil components
WangL, Chen J, Thompson LU. Int J Cancer. 2005 Apr 22; (Epub ahead of print)

Dietary flaxseed alter tumor biological markers in postmenopausal breast cancer
Thompson LU, Chen JM, Li T, Strasser-Weippl K, Goss PE; Clin. Cancer Research 2005 May, 11:3828-3835

Supplementation with flaxseed alters estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal women to a greater extent than does supplementation with an equal amount of soy
Jennifer D Brooks, Wendy E Ward, Jacqueline E Lewis, John Hilditch, Leslie Nickell, Evelyn Wong and Lilian U Thompson; American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2004;79:318-325

Mammary gland morphogenesis is enhanced by exposure to flaxseed or its major lignan during suckling in rats
Tan KP, Chen J, Ward WE, Thompson LU; Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2004;229(2):147-57

Exposure to flaxseed or its purified lignan during suckling inhibits chemically induced rat mammary tumorigenesis
Chen J, Tan KP, Ward WE, Thompson LU; Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2003 Sep;228(8):951-8

Effects of Dietary Flaxseed in Women with Cyclical Mastalgia.
Goss PE, Li T, Pinto S, Thompson LU;  Breast Cancer Res Treat 2000; 64:49

The effect of flaxseed and wheat bran consumption on urinary estrogen metabolites in premenopausal women
Haggans CJ, Travelli EJ, Thomas W, Martini MC, Slavin JL.; Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 2000;9:719-725

Plasma insulin-like growth factor I levels in rats are reduced by dietary supplementation of flaxseed or its lignan secoisolariciresinol diglycoside
Rickard SE, Yuan YV, Thompson LU;   Cancer Lett. 2000 Dec 8;161(1):47-55

Exposure to flaxseed or purified lignan during lactation influences rat mammary gland structures
Ward WE, Jiang FO, Thompson LU; Nutr Cancer 2000;37(2):187-92

Effect of flaxseed consumption on urinary estrogen metabolites in postmenopausal women
Haggans CJ, Hutchins AM, Olson BA, Thomas W, Martini MC, Slavin JL.; Nutr Cancer 1999;33:188-195

Exposure to flaxseed or its lignan component during different developmental stages influences rat mammary gland structures
Tou JC, Thompson LU;  Carcinogenesis 1999 Sep;20(9):1831-5

Dose effects of flaxseed and its lignan on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary tumorigenesis in rats
Rickard SE, Yuan YV, Chen J, Thompson LU; Nutr Cancer 1999;35(1):50-7.

Flaxseed and its mammalian lignan precursor cause a lengthening or cessation of estrous cycling in rats
Orcheson LJ, Rickard SE, Seidl MM, Thompson LU;  Cancer Lett. 1998 Mar 13;125(1-2):69-76

Antitumorigenic effect of a mammalian lignan precursor from flaxseed
Thompson LU, Seidl MM, Rickard SE, Orcheson LJ, Fong HH;  Nutr Cancer 1996;26(2):159-65

Bone Health

Flaxseed improves lipid profile without altering biomarkers of bone metabolism in postmenopausal women
Lucas EA, Wild RD, Hammond LJ, Khalil DA, Juma S, Daggy BP, Stoecker BJ, Arjmandi BH;  J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87(4):1527-32.

The role of phytoestrogens in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in ovarian hormone deficiency
Arjmandi BH;  J Am Coll Nutr. 2001;20:398S-402S

Effects of flaxseed supplementation on bone metabolism in postmenopausal women
Arjmandi, B,H., Juma, S., Lucas, E.A., Wei L.L., Venkatesh, S., Khan, D.A.;  Proc Flax Inst N Am. 57: 65-74, 1998.

Other

Higher dietary intake of lignans is associated with better cognitive performance in postmenopausal women
Franco OH, Burger H, Lebrun CEI, Peeters PHM, Lamberts SWJ, Grobbee DE, Van Der Schouw YT; J. Nutr. 2005 May, 135:1190-1195